Glass:
The needles are manufactured from borosilicate glass capillaries. The ends are firepolished in order to protect the sealing gaskets of the capillary holders. All parameters given can be changed according to the specifications of the customers without any surcharge.

Inner diameters (ID):
The range of standard inner diameters of the needles varies from 12 µm to 15 µm. So, the microinjectionist can always choose an optimal diameter for the stem cells under investigation.

Opening diameters in sizes versus microns:
According to our experience the diameters of the stem cells and so the optimal inner diameters in microns are often not exactly known. Therefore it is more practical at first to find out the optimal inner diameters in arbitrary units of sizes. The correspondence between microns and sizes are given in the table above. Once the inner diameter is known it is more unambiguous to use sizes for ordering. The optimal spike lengths were found in cooperation with leading laboratories.

Straight and bent needles:
Needles with straight and bent tips are delivered. For easy orientation the needles carry a red mark near the tip. In case of bent needles principally three orientations are possible (see details a, b and c of the image). The bending angles BA vary from 10° to 35°, the bending length BL is approximately 1 mm but can be also up until 6 mm in case of usage of Piezo-driven manipulators. The standard total pipette lengths are approximately 5.5 cm or 8.0 cm.